This is weird read it all top to bottem.................

[kay44]

John Bransford and Macia johnson carried out a number of experiments which illustrated the role of schemas in our understanding and recall of information. in one experiment the participents were to read the passage below and then asked to recall it as accuratly has possible. however half the participants were given the passage without a title:

the procedure is actually quite simple. first you arrange things into different groups.... of course, on pile may be sufficient depending on how much there is to do. if you have to go somewhere else due to lack of facilities that is the next step, otherwise you are pretty well set. it is important not to overdo any particular endevour. that is, it is better to do too few things at once than too many. in the short run this may not seem important, but complications from doing too many can easily arise. a mistake can be expensive as well.... at first the whole procedure will seem complicated. soon, however, it will become just another facet of life. it is difficult to foresee any end to the necessity for this task in the immediate future, but then one never can tell. after the procedure is completed one arranges the materials into different groups again. then they can be put into their appropriate places. eventually they will be used once more and the whole cycle will have to be repeated. however, that is part of life.




Most people report that they have great difficulty in understanding the passage, let alone trying to recall the details. however if you reread the passage with the title, washing clothes, in mind everything should fall into place. the title provides a schema so that the information can be stored appropriately and recalled more easily.
well! it got me! id no idea what the passage was on bout till then lol!

[Osman]

How strange! I read about the exact same thing recently in my psychology class. When people read the passage, having already been given it's title - 'Washing Clothes', their schemas about washing clothes help them to understand and later easily recall details from the passage.

Research on schemas like this has also been used as evidence to argue that eyewitness testimony in courts is very unreliable. It shows that people rely on their schemas to a large extent to recall details for their testimony of an event. In extreme cases, this could lead to the wrong person being convicted of a crime.

Of course, under Islamic law, there would have to be no doubt that any suspect of a crime is guilty for them to be convicted. I find this preferable and more advantageous to the 'beyond reasonable doubt' policy adopted by most, if not all other countries.

Sorry, I digress....

By the way, in case anybody is wondering, here is a definition of the word 'schema':


an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world

By 'internal', it means in your head. :)

[vinod]

Awww...I think it is cute and entertaining to see a young buck take on the horns of the common law bull - the reqt of beyond reasonable doubt to found a conviction in crime. I really wouldn't even dare that bull even if I became a professor in the common law. I would humbly find other issues with the common law.

I recommend searching the library archives of journals - The Law Quaterly Review, Oxford Law Review and Modern Law Review for the subject 'beyond reasonable doubt' before even daring to hold an opinion about it.

[kay44]

its from a psychology course im doing lol. another example of a schema, when you go to the cinema you know what to do like getting your tickets and things, then if you go to a new cinema, youll bring the 'cinema' schema up and know what to do in the new cinema. and yes, cause peoples schemas are set to situations, people can decive them selfves and be decived to evidence and things that go on. has in once we have set expectations from our schemas we may only see or attend to things that we expect and ignore anything that doesnt fit in with our schemas.
im reading happy psychology now :) about people with more brain activity on the left are happier then the people who have more brain activity on the right. And meditation is a good way to move that brain activity to your left, then youl feel happy. ive been going to sufi meetings for awhile know, an for days after i feel happy and relaxed after. now i know why!
Later in the course weve got to explain why that football player zidain headbutted that other footie player :/, when i first started the course came up with all simple answers like he was angry ect, bet ill be able to come up with a more complex answer when i get there lol.

[Osman]

As-salaamu 'Alaykum Vinod,

I realise that I'm way out of depth here seeing as I know next to nothing about law and you know so much.

So which do you prefer - 'beyond reasonable doubt' or 'beyond all doubt'? Last time I talked about Islamic law on this forum, I might have been somewhat ill-informed. So according to you, does Islamic law always require that suspects of a crime are guilty beyond all doubt before being convicted?

It often annoys me when people believe things about Islamic law based only on what they have heard. An example is people's misconceptions about the punishment for apostasy in Islam. For this reason, I think it's only fair that I educate myself properly about Non-Islamic law before making assumptions about it. The resources you mentioned - I'm having trouble locating them online. Do you have any links?


Awww...I think it is cute and entertaining to see a young buck take on the horns of the common law bull

Why thank you...I do aim to please. :)

Fond regards

[Osman]

Later in the course weve got to explain why that football player zidain headbutted that other footie player :/,

Very interesting! Is this also to do with schemas? If so, what could possibly be the explanation?


when i first started the course came up with all simple answers like he was angry ect, bet ill be able to come up with a more complex answer when i get there lol.

Yes, I can imagine! :giggling:

Btw, do you mind that I have defaced your thread with a completely different topic? (post above) :$. I do apologise.

[vinod]

. So according to you, does Islamic law always require that suspects of a crime are guilty beyond all doubt before being convicted?

I don't know.


So which do you prefer - 'beyond reasonable doubt' or 'beyond all doubt'?

I would read about cases where they were applied, examine the differences in effects and then form an opinion. Since I have not done my research on this, I will keep silent.


I'm having trouble locating them online. Do you have any links?

You would have to do a full fledged diploma or degree in law with an established University. They would allow you access to such resources.

[Osman]

As-salaamu 'Alaykum,


I don't know.

Ok, that's a very wise answer. :) I wish people would give this simple, honest answer a lot more.


I would read about cases where they were applied, examine the differences in effects and then form an opinion. Since I have not done my research on this, I will keep silent.

Fair enough, that's logical. Now; were the position of Islam on this issue to become apparent to you, would that have an effect on your opinion?


You would have to do a full fledged diploma or degree in law with an established University. They would allow you access to such resources.

I see. How embarassing; I mistook your sarcasm for practical advice. :giggling:

Btw, I would like to give you a humble suggestion my brother. My humble suggestion is that you make a habit of replying when you are greeted with salaam - truly the best of greetings! :)
It has been narrated from Abdur Rahmaan ibn Shayba; he says the Holy Prophet http://www.inter-islam.org/RightsDuties/saw23X22.gifsaid, "A rider should give salaam to a walking person, a walking person should give salaam to a seated person, a small group should give salaam to a larger group, whoever then responds to salaam, it is for his benefit, and he who does not respond to salaam, is not from amongst us." Ibn Sunni has narrated this and also Imaam Bukhari in his book Al Adabul Mufrad. On these bases Allama Nawawi in his commentary of Sahih Muslim has said, "To commence salaam is Sunnah and to reply is Wajib." Similarly Hafiz ibn Abdul Bar says, "It is an unanimous agreement of the Muslims that to commence Salaam is Sunnah and to reply is Wajib."

Source (http://www.inter-islam.org/RightsDuties/slm.htm)

Fee Amanillah